His father was a physician and, by the standards of the West Bronx, the family was fairly wealthy. His parents married in a Jewish ceremony, but Kubrick did not have a religious upbringing and later professed an atheistic view of the universe. At Stanley's birth the Kubricks lived in the Bronx. Kubrick's great-grandfather, Hersh Kubrick, arrived at Ellis Island via Liverpool by ship on December 27, 1899, at the age of 47, leaving behind his wife and two grown children, one of whom was Stanley's grandfather Elias, to start a new life with a younger woman. Jack Kubrick, whose parents and paternal grandparents were of Polish-Jewish and Romanian-Jewish origin, was a homeopathic doctor, graduating from the New York Homeopathic Medical College in 1927, the same year he married Kubrick's mother, the child of Austrian-Jewish immigrants. His sister Barbara Mary Kubrick was born in May 1934. He was the first of two children of Jacob Leonard Kubrick (May 21, 1902 – October 19, 1985), known as Jack or Jacques, and his wife Sadie Gertrude Kubrick ( née Perveler October 28, 1903 – April 23, 1985), known as Gert. Kubrick was born on July 26, 1928, in the Lying-In Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to a Jewish family. His last film, Eyes Wide Shut, was completed shortly before his death in 1999 at the age of 70.Įarly life High school senior portrait of Kubrick, age 16, c. With the horror film The Shining (1980), he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots, a technology vital to his Vietnam War film Full Metal Jacket (1987). For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon (1975), Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA, to film scenes under natural candlelight. While many of Kubrick's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release-particularly the brutal A Clockwork Orange (1971), which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy-most were nominated for Oscars, Golden Globes, or BAFTA Awards, and underwent critical reevaluations. Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation's "big bang" it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. The scientific realism and innovative special effects of the science fiction epic 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) were without precedent in the history of cinema, and the film earned him his only personal Oscar, for Best Visual Effects. Despite the resulting notoriety among actors, many of Kubrick's films broke new ground in cinematography. He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same shot in a movie, which resulted in many conflicts with his casts. Strangelove (1964).Ī demanding perfectionist, Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process, from direction and writing to editing, and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes, working in close coordination with his actors, crew, and other collaborators. His first productions in Britain were two films with Peter Sellers: Lolita (1962), an adaptation of the novel by Vladimir Nabokov, and the Cold War black comedy Dr. This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films, but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios. His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire, which he shared with his wife Christiane, became his workplace, where he did his writing, research, editing, and management of production details. This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas: the war picture Paths of Glory (1957) and the historical epic Spartacus (1960).Ĭreative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios, a dislike of the Hollywood industry, and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961, where he spent most of his remaining life and career. After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s, he began making short films on shoestring budgets, and made his first major Hollywood film, The Killing, for United Artists in 1956. He received average grades but displayed a keen interest in literature, photography, and film from a young age, and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school. Kubrick was raised in the Bronx, New York City, and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945. Widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, his films-almost all of which are adaptations of novels or short stories-cover a wide range of genres and feature innovative cinematography, dark humor, realistic attention to detail and extensive set designs. Stanley Kubrick ( / ˈ k uː b r ɪ k/ J– March 7, 1999) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and photographer.
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